Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), or Indian Rosewood, is a fast-growing, hardy deciduous tree native to the foothills and plains of North India, famed for its strong, durable, beautifully grained timber used in furniture and cabinetry. It has a light, open crown of leathery leaflets that gives dappled shade, and bears small, fragrant pale yellow flowers followed by flat papery pods. A nitrogen-fixing legume, it improves soil and is widely used in agroforestry, roadside planting and reforestation. Extremely tolerant of drought, heat and poor soils, it is one of India's most important timber and shade trees.
Specifications
| Family |
Fabaceae |
| Native region |
Indian subcontinent (Himalayan foothills, plains) |
| Mature height |
10-25 m |
| Mature spread |
8-12 m |
| Growth rate |
Fast |
| Foliage |
Deciduous, leathery compound leaves |
| Flower colour |
Pale yellow to whitish |
| Flower season |
Spring (Mar-May) |
| Climate zone |
Subtropical to tropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Full sun |
| Watering |
Low; drought-tolerant once established |
| Soil / mix |
Adapts widely; tolerates sandy, dry and alkaline soils |
| Temperature |
Very hardy, 5-45C; tolerates frost and heat |
| Humidity |
Tolerates dry climates |
| Fertilizer |
Minimal; fixes its own nitrogen |
| Pruning |
Prune young for a clean trunk and strong frame |
| Repotting |
Grow in ground; not a pot plant |
| Propagation |
Seeds and root suckers |
| Pests & problems |
Watch for dieback and stem borers |
| Toxicity / safety |
Not known to be significantly toxic |
| Difficulty |
Easy |
Uses
Grown for high-value rosewood timber, as a shade and avenue tree, in agroforestry and shelterbelts, and for reforesting dry land; as a legume it enriches the soil.
Growing tips
Extremely hardy, it suits hot, dry North Indian conditions and tolerates frost, drought and poor soils. Sow seed or plant root suckers in the monsoon and prune young trees for a straight, clean trunk.