Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a handsome evergreen tropical tree unique for producing two spices from one fruit: the inner seed (nutmeg) and the lacy red aril around it (mace). It bears glossy aromatic leaves and yellow apricot-like fruits that split open at maturity. Warmly fragrant, nutmeg and mace flavour sweets, masalas, custards and beverages and are valued in Ayurveda for digestion and sleep. Native to humid tropical islands and grown in Kerala and coastal South India, the tree thrives in warm, moist, shaded conditions. Long-lived and productive, it is a rewarding spice tree for warm-climate gardens.
Specifications
| Family |
Myristicaceae |
| Native region |
Banda Islands; grown in South India |
| Mature height |
5-13 m |
| Mature spread |
3-6 m |
| Growth rate |
Slow to moderate |
| Foliage |
Glossy aromatic dark-green leaves |
| Flower colour |
Pale yellow |
| Flower season |
Warm season |
| Climate zone |
Humid tropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Partial shade to filtered sun |
| Watering |
Regular; keep soil moist, well-drained |
| Soil / mix |
Rich, deep, well-drained loamy soil |
| Temperature |
20-35 C; frost-sensitive |
| Humidity |
High |
| Fertilizer |
Organic manure 2-3 times a year |
| Pruning |
Minimal; remove dead wood |
| Repotting |
Every 2-3 years while young if potted |
| Propagation |
Fresh seeds or grafting |
| Pests & problems |
Watch for scale, fruit rot |
| Toxicity / safety |
Edible spice; toxic in large doses |
| Difficulty |
Moderate to demanding |
Uses
Yields two spices, nutmeg and mace, used in sweets, masalas, custards and drinks, and valued in Ayurveda for digestion and restful sleep. Grown as a long-lived spice and shade tree.
Growing tips
Plant in warm, humid, frost-free regions in rich, moist, well-drained soil with light shade when young. Note that trees are male or female, so grow a grafted plant or several seedlings to ensure fruiting.