Euphorbia tithymaloides, commonly Devil's Backbone, is an unusual succulent shrub with distinctive zigzag stems and neat rows of small, often variegated green-and-white leaves edged in pink. Native to tropical America and widely naturalised in India, it is a tough, drought-tolerant plant grown for its sculptural form in pots, borders and rockeries. It thrives in bright light and warm conditions, needing little water once established. The architectural stems and tidy foliage make it a popular low-maintenance accent for Indian balconies and gardens, though its milky sap is irritant and should be handled with care.
Specifications
| Family |
Euphorbiaceae |
| Native region |
Tropical America; naturalised in India |
| Mature height |
0.6-2 m |
| Mature spread |
0.5-1 m |
| Growth rate |
Moderate |
| Foliage |
Small variegated green-white-pink leaves on zigzag stems |
| Flower colour |
Small red/pink bracts |
| Flower season |
Warm months |
| Climate zone |
Tropical and subtropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Bright light to full sun; tolerates part shade |
| Watering |
Drought tolerant; water when soil dries fully |
| Soil / mix |
Sandy, gritty, very well-drained succulent mix |
| Temperature |
18-35 C; protect from frost |
| Humidity |
Low to moderate; tolerates dry air |
| Fertilizer |
Light feed once or twice in growing season |
| Pruning |
Trim to shape; cut leggy stems back |
| Repotting |
Every 2-3 years; likes being slightly snug |
| Propagation |
Stem cuttings dried then rooted in dry mix |
| Pests & problems |
Mealybugs and scale occasionally |
| Toxicity / safety |
Toxic; milky sap irritates skin, eyes, mouth |
| Difficulty |
Easy |
Uses
<p>Grown as a sculptural, drought-tolerant accent in pots, rockeries and borders. Valued for its zigzag stems and variegated foliage.</p>
Growing tips
<p>In India plant it in gritty, fast-draining soil and bright light; water sparingly and let it dry between waterings, and always wear gloves when cutting it due to the irritant sap.</p>