Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a handsome evergreen tropical tree whose unopened, dried flower buds are the intensely aromatic spice we know as clove. It bears glossy, deep-green leaves and clusters of pink-tinged buds that are harvested before they bloom. Warm, sweet and pungent, cloves flavour garam masala, biryanis, chai and desserts and are valued in Ayurveda for toothache, digestion and respiratory care. Native to humid tropics, the tree thrives in the warm, moist conditions of coastal and southern India. Slow but long-lived, it makes a fragrant, ornamental and productive addition to warm-climate gardens.
Specifications
| Family |
Myrtaceae |
| Native region |
Maluku Islands; grown in South India |
| Mature height |
8-12 m |
| Mature spread |
3-6 m |
| Growth rate |
Slow |
| Foliage |
Glossy deep-green aromatic leaves |
| Flower colour |
Crimson-pink buds |
| Flower season |
Twice yearly in tropics |
| Climate zone |
Humid tropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Full sun to partial shade |
| Watering |
Regular; keep soil moist, well-drained |
| Soil / mix |
Rich, deep, well-drained loamy soil |
| Temperature |
20-35 C; frost-sensitive |
| Humidity |
High |
| Fertilizer |
Organic manure 2-3 times a year |
| Pruning |
Minimal; remove dead wood |
| Repotting |
Every 2-3 years while young if potted |
| Propagation |
Fresh seeds |
| Pests & problems |
Watch for stem borer, leaf spot |
| Toxicity / safety |
Edible spice; clove oil potent |
| Difficulty |
Moderate to demanding |
Uses
The dried buds are a warming spice for masalas, chai, biryanis and sweets, and clove oil is used in Ayurveda for toothache, digestion and coughs. Grown as a long-lived spice and ornamental tree.
Growing tips
Plant in warm, humid, frost-free regions in rich, moist, well-drained soil with shelter from strong wind. Be patient, as clove is slow-growing and may take several years before it begins to bear buds.