Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a fast-growing tropical evergreen tree prized for its kidney-shaped nuts borne below a fleshy, juicy cashew apple. Native to Brazil, it thrives along India's warm coastal belts of Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala and the Konkan. The spreading tree reaches 8-12 m, bearing leathery leaves and fragrant pinkish flower panicles before fruiting. Grafted plants begin yielding in about 3 years. It tolerates poor, sandy soils and salty coastal air, making it a reliable plantation and homestead crop. Both the roasted nut and the tangy apple (used in juice and feni) have strong commercial value.
Specifications
| Family |
Anacardiaceae |
| Native region |
North-eastern Brazil |
| Mature height |
8-12 m |
| Mature spread |
8-10 m |
| Growth rate |
Fast |
| Foliage |
Evergreen, leathery oval leaves |
| Flower colour |
Pinkish to pale yellow |
| Flower season |
Nov-Feb |
| Climate zone |
Tropical coastal |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Full sun, 6+ hours daily |
| Watering |
Moderate; water young plants regularly, mature trees drought-tolerant |
| Soil / mix |
Well-drained sandy or red laterite soil |
| Temperature |
20-35 C; sensitive to frost |
| Humidity |
Moderate to high coastal humidity |
| Fertilizer |
NPK plus FYM twice a year; boost before flowering |
| Pruning |
Light shaping; remove dead and crossing branches post-harvest |
| Repotting |
Plant out grafts early; pot only for nursery stage |
| Propagation |
Softwood grafting or seed |
| Pests & problems |
Tea mosquito bug, stem borer, leaf miner |
| Toxicity / safety |
Raw nut shell oil is caustic; processed nut is safe |
| Difficulty |
Easy in coastal climates |
Uses
Grown commercially for roasted cashew nuts and the tangy cashew apple used in juice, jam and feni liquor. Also valued for shell oil and as a homestead shade tree.
Growing tips
Plant grafted saplings at the onset of the monsoon in well-drained sandy soil; avoid waterlogging and protect from frost in the early years.