Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), the fragrant 'Queen of Spices', is a tropical perennial herb native to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It grows from a fleshy rhizome into tall, leafy shoots, with flower spikes near the ground producing the prized aromatic green pods. A signature crop of Kerala and Karnataka's hill forests, cardamom thrives in warm, humid shade beneath taller trees. Its sweet, intense pods flavour sweets, chai, biryanis and desserts and are valued in Ayurveda for digestion and fresh breath. With ample moisture, shade and humidity, this elegant herb rewards growers with one of the world's most treasured spices.
Specifications
| Family |
Zingiberaceae |
| Native region |
Western Ghats, India |
| Mature height |
2-4 m |
| Mature spread |
1-2 m clump |
| Growth rate |
Moderate |
| Foliage |
Long lance-shaped green leaves |
| Flower colour |
White with violet stripes |
| Flower season |
Spring to monsoon |
| Climate zone |
Humid tropical highland |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Partial to deep shade |
| Watering |
Frequent; keep soil consistently moist |
| Soil / mix |
Rich, loamy, humus-laden well-drained soil |
| Temperature |
10-35 C; frost-sensitive |
| Humidity |
Very high |
| Fertilizer |
Organic compost regularly |
| Pruning |
Remove old, spent shoots |
| Repotting |
Divide clumps every few years |
| Propagation |
Rhizome division or seeds |
| Pests & problems |
Watch for thrips, root grubs |
| Toxicity / safety |
Edible spice; non-toxic |
| Difficulty |
Moderate to demanding |
Uses
<p>A premium spice flavouring chai, sweets, biryanis and desserts, and used in Ayurveda for digestion and breath freshening. Cultivated in shaded hill plantations and gardens for its aromatic pods.</p>
Growing tips
<p>Grow in deep, humid shade with rich, constantly moist soil, replicating its native rainforest floor. It dislikes dry heat and frost, so in the plains keep humidity high and protect from harsh sun.</p>