The Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) is India's national tree, revered for its enormous spreading crown supported by aerial roots that descend and thicken into secondary trunks. Over decades a single tree can shade huge areas, making it a classic village and temple landmark. Glossy leathery leaves and small fig fruits attract birds and bats. Extremely long-lived and tolerant of heat, drought and poor soil, it suits only large open landscapes, parks and avenues. Sacred in Hindu and Buddhist tradition, it offers deep shade and ecological richness but needs ample space far from buildings.
Specifications
| Family |
Moraceae |
| Native region |
Indian subcontinent |
| Mature height |
15-25 m |
| Mature spread |
20-60 m or more |
| Growth rate |
Moderate to fast |
| Foliage |
Evergreen, glossy leathery oval leaves |
| Flower colour |
Inconspicuous (enclosed in fig) |
| Flower season |
Inconspicuous; figs in summer-monsoon |
| Climate zone |
Tropical and subtropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Full sun for vigorous growth |
| Watering |
Regular when young; drought-tolerant once established |
| Soil / mix |
Deep, well-drained loamy soil; tolerates poor soils |
| Temperature |
Thrives in 20-40C; frost-sensitive when young |
| Humidity |
Adapts to a wide range |
| Fertilizer |
Light organic manure yearly; needs little once mature |
| Pruning |
Prune to shape and manage aerial roots when young |
| Repotting |
Bonsai forms repot every 2-3 years; not a pot plant otherwise |
| Propagation |
Air-layering, cuttings and seed |
| Pests & problems |
Generally hardy; occasional scale or fig wasp activity |
| Toxicity / safety |
Milky latex can irritate skin; not for ingestion |
| Difficulty |
Easy |
Uses
Planted for deep shade in parks, temples and large avenues, and trained as a prized bonsai. Also valued ecologically as a keystone tree feeding birds and bats.
Growing tips
Plant only in large open ground away from drains, walls and foundations, as roots are invasive. Water deeply for the first two summers, then it survives on monsoon rain across most of India.