Avocado (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree grown for its rich, creamy fruit, often called butter-fruit in India. High in healthy fats, avocados are eaten fresh, in salads, spreads and smoothies. The tree prefers warm, frost-free climates with deep, very well-drained soil, and is highly sensitive to waterlogging. In India it grows well in the hill zones of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim and the Northeast. Glossy dark-green foliage makes it ornamental too. With increasing demand, avocado is an attractive emerging crop for suitable Indian micro-climates.
Specifications
| Family |
Lauraceae |
| Native region |
Central America and Mexico |
| Mature height |
8-18 m |
| Mature spread |
5-9 m |
| Growth rate |
Moderate to fast |
| Foliage |
Evergreen, glossy dark-green leaves |
| Flower colour |
Greenish-yellow |
| Flower season |
Spring |
| Climate zone |
Tropical highland to subtropical |
Care guide
| Sunlight |
Full sun to light shade when young |
| Watering |
Regular but never waterlogged; deep, infrequent |
| Soil / mix |
Deep, light, very well-drained loam, pH 5.5-7 |
| Temperature |
15-30 C; frost and extreme heat sensitive |
| Humidity |
Moderate to high |
| Fertilizer |
Balanced NPK plus zinc; organic matter |
| Pruning |
Light pruning to shape and control height |
| Repotting |
Repot grafted plants until field planting |
| Propagation |
Grafting onto seedling rootstock |
| Pests & problems |
Root rot (Phytophthora), thrips, mites |
| Toxicity / safety |
Fruit edible; leaves/skin/pit toxic to many pets |
| Difficulty |
Moderate to difficult |
Uses
Grown for creamy, nutritious fruit eaten fresh, in salads, guacamole and smoothies. The tree also gives ornamental evergreen shade.
Growing tips
In India avocado succeeds in frost-free hill and coastal zones; plant grafted plants on a raised mound for drainage and never let roots sit in water.